"""Tests for Requests."""

import collections

import contextlib

import io

import json

import os

import pickle

import re

import tempfile

import threading

import warnings

from unittest import mock

import pytest

import urllib3

from urllib3.util import Timeout as Urllib3Timeout

import requests

from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter

from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth, _basic_auth_str

from requests.compat import (

    JSONDecodeError,

    Morsel,

    MutableMapping,

    builtin_str,

    cookielib,

    getproxies,

    is_urllib3_1,

    urlparse,

)

from requests.cookies import cookiejar_from_dict, morsel_to_cookie

from requests.exceptions import (

    ChunkedEncodingError,

    ConnectionError,

    ConnectTimeout,

    ContentDecodingError,

    InvalidHeader,

    InvalidProxyURL,

    InvalidSchema,

    InvalidURL,

    MissingSchema,

    ProxyError,

    ReadTimeout,

    RequestException,

    RetryError,

    Timeout,

    TooManyRedirects,

    UnrewindableBodyError,

)

from requests.exceptions import SSLError as RequestsSSLError

from requests.hooks import default_hooks

from requests.models import PreparedRequest, urlencode

from requests.sessions import SessionRedirectMixin

from requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict

from . import SNIMissingWarning

from .compat import StringIO

from .testserver.server import TLSServer, consume_socket_content

from .utils import override_environ

# Requests to this URL should always fail with a connection timeout (nothing

# listening on that port)

TARPIT = "http://10.255.255.1"

# This is to avoid waiting the timeout of using TARPIT

INVALID_PROXY = "http://localhost:1"

try:

    from ssl import SSLContext

    del SSLContext

    HAS_MODERN_SSL = True

except ImportError:

    HAS_MODERN_SSL = False

try:

    requests.pyopenssl

    HAS_PYOPENSSL = True

except AttributeError:

    HAS_PYOPENSSL = False

class TestRequests:

    digest_auth_algo = ("MD5", "SHA-256", "SHA-512")

    def test_entry_points(self):

        requests.session

        requests.session().get

        requests.session().head

        requests.get

        requests.head

        requests.put

        requests.patch

        requests.post

        # Not really an entry point, but people rely on it.

        from requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager  # noqa:F401

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "exception, url",

        (

            (MissingSchema, "hiwpefhipowhefopw"),

            (InvalidSchema, "localhost:3128"),

            (InvalidSchema, "localhost.localdomain:3128/"),

            (InvalidSchema, "10.122.1.1:3128/"),

            (InvalidURL, "http://"),

            (InvalidURL, "http://*example.com"),

            (InvalidURL, "http://.example.com"),

        ),

    )

    def test_invalid_url(self, exception, url):

        with pytest.raises(exception):

            requests.get(url)

    def test_basic_building(self):

        req = requests.Request()

        req.url = "http://kennethreitz.org/"

        req.data = {"life": "42"}

        pr = req.prepare()

        assert pr.url == req.url

        assert pr.body == "life=42"

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ("GET", "HEAD"))

    def test_no_content_length(self, httpbin, method):

        req = requests.Request(method, httpbin(method.lower())).prepare()

        assert "Content-Length" not in req.headers

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ("POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "OPTIONS"))

    def test_no_body_content_length(self, httpbin, method):

        req = requests.Request(method, httpbin(method.lower())).prepare()

        assert req.headers["Content-Length"] == "0"

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ("POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "OPTIONS"))

    def test_empty_content_length(self, httpbin, method):

        req = requests.Request(method, httpbin(method.lower()), data="").prepare()

        assert req.headers["Content-Length"] == "0"

    def test_override_content_length(self, httpbin):

        headers = {"Content-Length": "not zero"}

        r = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), headers=headers).prepare()

        assert "Content-Length" in r.headers

        assert r.headers["Content-Length"] == "not zero"

    def test_path_is_not_double_encoded(self):

        request = requests.Request("GET", "http://0.0.0.0/get/test case").prepare()

        assert request.path_url == "/get/test%20case"

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "url, expected",

        (

            (

                "http://example.com/path#fragment",

                "http://example.com/path?a=b#fragment",

            ),

            (

                "http://example.com/path?key=value#fragment",

                "http://example.com/path?key=value&a=b#fragment",

            ),

        ),

    )

    def test_params_are_added_before_fragment(self, url, expected):

        request = requests.Request("GET", url, params={"a": "b"}).prepare()

        assert request.url == expected

    def test_params_original_order_is_preserved_by_default(self):

        param_ordered_dict = collections.OrderedDict(

            (("z", 1), ("a", 1), ("k", 1), ("d", 1))

        )

        session = requests.Session()

        request = requests.Request(

            "GET", "http://example.com/", params=param_ordered_dict

        )

        prep = session.prepare_request(request)

        assert prep.url == "http://example.com/?z=1&a=1&k=1&d=1"

    def test_params_bytes_are_encoded(self):

        request = requests.Request(

            "GET", "http://example.com", params=b"test=foo"

        ).prepare()

        assert request.url == "http://example.com/?test=foo"

    def test_binary_put(self):

        request = requests.Request(

            "PUT", "http://example.com", data="ööö".encode()

        ).prepare()

        assert isinstance(request.body, bytes)

    def test_whitespaces_are_removed_from_url(self):

        # Test for issue #3696

        request = requests.Request("GET", " http://example.com").prepare()

        assert request.url == "http://example.com/"

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("scheme", ("http://", "HTTP://", "hTTp://", "HttP://"))

    def test_mixed_case_scheme_acceptable(self, httpbin, scheme):

        s = requests.Session()

        s.proxies = getproxies()

        parts = urlparse(httpbin("get"))

        url = scheme + parts.netloc + parts.path

        r = requests.Request("GET", url)

        r = s.send(r.prepare())

        assert r.status_code == 200, f"failed for scheme {scheme}"

    def test_HTTP_200_OK_GET_ALTERNATIVE(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.Request("GET", httpbin("get"))

        s = requests.Session()

        s.proxies = getproxies()

        r = s.send(r.prepare())

        assert r.status_code == 200

    def test_HTTP_302_ALLOW_REDIRECT_GET(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.get(httpbin("redirect", "1"))

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert r.history[0].status_code == 302

        assert r.history[0].is_redirect

    def test_redirect_history_no_self_reference(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.get(httpbin("redirect", "3"))

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert len(r.history) == 3

        for i, resp in enumerate(r.history):

            assert resp not in resp.history

            assert resp.history == r.history[:i]

    def test_HTTP_307_ALLOW_REDIRECT_POST(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.post(

            httpbin("redirect-to"),

            data="test",

            params={"url": "post", "status_code": 307},

        )

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert r.history[0].status_code == 307

        assert r.history[0].is_redirect

        assert r.json()["data"] == "test"

    def test_HTTP_307_ALLOW_REDIRECT_POST_WITH_SEEKABLE(self, httpbin):

        byte_str = b"test"

        r = requests.post(

            httpbin("redirect-to"),

            data=io.BytesIO(byte_str),

            params={"url": "post", "status_code": 307},

        )

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert r.history[0].status_code == 307

        assert r.history[0].is_redirect

        assert r.json()["data"] == byte_str.decode("utf-8")

    def test_HTTP_302_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS(self, httpbin):

        try:

            requests.get(httpbin("relative-redirect", "50"))

        except TooManyRedirects as e:

            url = httpbin("relative-redirect", "20")

            assert e.request.url == url

            assert e.response.url == url

            assert len(e.response.history) == 30

        else:

            pytest.fail("Expected redirect to raise TooManyRedirects but it did not")

    def test_HTTP_302_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS_WITH_PARAMS(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.session()

        s.max_redirects = 5

        try:

            s.get(httpbin("relative-redirect", "50"))

        except TooManyRedirects as e:

            url = httpbin("relative-redirect", "45")

            assert e.request.url == url

            assert e.response.url == url

            assert len(e.response.history) == 5

        else:

            pytest.fail(

                "Expected custom max number of redirects to be respected but was not"

            )

    def test_http_301_changes_post_to_get(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.post(httpbin("status", "301"))

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert r.request.method == "GET"

        assert r.history[0].status_code == 301

        assert r.history[0].is_redirect

    def test_http_301_doesnt_change_head_to_get(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.head(httpbin("status", "301"), allow_redirects=True)

        print(r.content)

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert r.request.method == "HEAD"

        assert r.history[0].status_code == 301

        assert r.history[0].is_redirect

    def test_http_302_changes_post_to_get(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.post(httpbin("status", "302"))

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert r.request.method == "GET"

        assert r.history[0].status_code == 302

        assert r.history[0].is_redirect

    def test_http_302_doesnt_change_head_to_get(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.head(httpbin("status", "302"), allow_redirects=True)

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert r.request.method == "HEAD"

        assert r.history[0].status_code == 302

        assert r.history[0].is_redirect

    def test_http_303_changes_post_to_get(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.post(httpbin("status", "303"))

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert r.request.method == "GET"

        assert r.history[0].status_code == 303

        assert r.history[0].is_redirect

    def test_http_303_doesnt_change_head_to_get(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.head(httpbin("status", "303"), allow_redirects=True)

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert r.request.method == "HEAD"

        assert r.history[0].status_code == 303

        assert r.history[0].is_redirect

    def test_header_and_body_removal_on_redirect(self, httpbin):

        purged_headers = ("Content-Length", "Content-Type")

        ses = requests.Session()

        req = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), data={"test": "data"})

        prep = ses.prepare_request(req)

        resp = ses.send(prep)

        # Mimic a redirect response

        resp.status_code = 302

        resp.headers["location"] = "get"

        # Run request through resolve_redirects

        next_resp = next(ses.resolve_redirects(resp, prep))

        assert next_resp.request.body is None

        for header in purged_headers:

            assert header not in next_resp.request.headers

    def test_transfer_enc_removal_on_redirect(self, httpbin):

        purged_headers = ("Transfer-Encoding", "Content-Type")

        ses = requests.Session()

        req = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), data=(b"x" for x in range(1)))

        prep = ses.prepare_request(req)

        assert "Transfer-Encoding" in prep.headers

        # Create Response to avoid https://github.com/kevin1024/pytest-httpbin/issues/33

        resp = requests.Response()

        resp.raw = io.BytesIO(b"the content")

        resp.request = prep

        setattr(resp.raw, "release_conn", lambda *args: args)

        # Mimic a redirect response

        resp.status_code = 302

        resp.headers["location"] = httpbin("get")

        # Run request through resolve_redirect

        next_resp = next(ses.resolve_redirects(resp, prep))

        assert next_resp.request.body is None

        for header in purged_headers:

            assert header not in next_resp.request.headers

    def test_fragment_maintained_on_redirect(self, httpbin):

        fragment = "#view=edit&token=hunter2"

        r = requests.get(httpbin("redirect-to?url=get") + fragment)

        assert len(r.history) > 0

        assert r.history[0].request.url == httpbin("redirect-to?url=get") + fragment

        assert r.url == httpbin("get") + fragment

    def test_HTTP_200_OK_GET_WITH_PARAMS(self, httpbin):

        heads = {"User-agent": "Mozilla/5.0"}

        r = requests.get(httpbin("user-agent"), headers=heads)

        assert heads["User-agent"] in r.text

        assert r.status_code == 200

    def test_HTTP_200_OK_GET_WITH_MIXED_PARAMS(self, httpbin):

        heads = {"User-agent": "Mozilla/5.0"}

        r = requests.get(

            httpbin("get") + "?test=true", params={"q": "test"}, headers=heads

        )

        assert r.status_code == 200

    def test_set_cookie_on_301(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.session()

        url = httpbin("cookies/set?foo=bar")

        s.get(url)

        assert s.cookies["foo"] == "bar"

    def test_cookie_sent_on_redirect(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.session()

        s.get(httpbin("cookies/set?foo=bar"))

        r = s.get(httpbin("redirect/1"))  # redirects to httpbin('get')

        assert "Cookie" in r.json()["headers"]

    def test_cookie_removed_on_expire(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.session()

        s.get(httpbin("cookies/set?foo=bar"))

        assert s.cookies["foo"] == "bar"

        s.get(

            httpbin("response-headers"),

            params={"Set-Cookie": "foo=deleted; expires=Thu, 01-Jan-1970 00:00:01 GMT"},

        )

        assert "foo" not in s.cookies

    def test_cookie_quote_wrapped(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.session()

        s.get(httpbin('cookies/set?foo="bar:baz"'))

        assert s.cookies["foo"] == '"bar:baz"'

    def test_cookie_persists_via_api(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.session()

        r = s.get(httpbin("redirect/1"), cookies={"foo": "bar"})

        assert "foo" in r.request.headers["Cookie"]

        assert "foo" in r.history[0].request.headers["Cookie"]

    def test_request_cookie_overrides_session_cookie(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.session()

        s.cookies["foo"] = "bar"

        r = s.get(httpbin("cookies"), cookies={"foo": "baz"})

        assert r.json()["cookies"]["foo"] == "baz"

        # Session cookie should not be modified

        assert s.cookies["foo"] == "bar"

    def test_request_cookies_not_persisted(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.session()

        s.get(httpbin("cookies"), cookies={"foo": "baz"})

        # Sending a request with cookies should not add cookies to the session

        assert not s.cookies

    def test_generic_cookiejar_works(self, httpbin):

        cj = cookielib.CookieJar()

        cookiejar_from_dict({"foo": "bar"}, cj)

        s = requests.session()

        s.cookies = cj

        r = s.get(httpbin("cookies"))

        # Make sure the cookie was sent

        assert r.json()["cookies"]["foo"] == "bar"

        # Make sure the session cj is still the custom one

        assert s.cookies is cj

    def test_param_cookiejar_works(self, httpbin):

        cj = cookielib.CookieJar()

        cookiejar_from_dict({"foo": "bar"}, cj)

        s = requests.session()

        r = s.get(httpbin("cookies"), cookies=cj)

        # Make sure the cookie was sent

        assert r.json()["cookies"]["foo"] == "bar"

    def test_cookielib_cookiejar_on_redirect(self, httpbin):

        """Tests resolve_redirect doesn't fail when merging cookies

        with non-RequestsCookieJar cookiejar.

        See GH #3579

        """

        cj = cookiejar_from_dict({"foo": "bar"}, cookielib.CookieJar())

        s = requests.Session()

        s.cookies = cookiejar_from_dict({"cookie": "tasty"})

        # Prepare request without using Session

        req = requests.Request("GET", httpbin("headers"), cookies=cj)

        prep_req = req.prepare()

        # Send request and simulate redirect

        resp = s.send(prep_req)

        resp.status_code = 302

        resp.headers["location"] = httpbin("get")

        redirects = s.resolve_redirects(resp, prep_req)

        resp = next(redirects)

        # Verify CookieJar isn't being converted to RequestsCookieJar

        assert isinstance(prep_req._cookies, cookielib.CookieJar)

        assert isinstance(resp.request._cookies, cookielib.CookieJar)

        assert not isinstance(resp.request._cookies, requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar)

        cookies = {}

        for c in resp.request._cookies:

            cookies[c.name] = c.value

        assert cookies["foo"] == "bar"

        assert cookies["cookie"] == "tasty"

    def test_requests_in_history_are_not_overridden(self, httpbin):

        resp = requests.get(httpbin("redirect/3"))

        urls = [r.url for r in resp.history]

        req_urls = [r.request.url for r in resp.history]

        assert urls == req_urls

    def test_history_is_always_a_list(self, httpbin):

        """Show that even with redirects, Response.history is always a list."""

        resp = requests.get(httpbin("get"))

        assert isinstance(resp.history, list)

        resp = requests.get(httpbin("redirect/1"))

        assert isinstance(resp.history, list)

        assert not isinstance(resp.history, tuple)

    def test_headers_on_session_with_None_are_not_sent(self, httpbin):

        """Do not send headers in Session.headers with None values."""

        ses = requests.Session()

        ses.headers["Accept-Encoding"] = None

        req = requests.Request("GET", httpbin("get"))

        prep = ses.prepare_request(req)

        assert "Accept-Encoding" not in prep.headers

    def test_headers_preserve_order(self, httpbin):

        """Preserve order when headers provided as OrderedDict."""

        ses = requests.Session()

        ses.headers = collections.OrderedDict()

        ses.headers["Accept-Encoding"] = "identity"

        ses.headers["First"] = "1"

        ses.headers["Second"] = "2"

        headers = collections.OrderedDict([("Third", "3"), ("Fourth", "4")])

        headers["Fifth"] = "5"

        headers["Second"] = "222"

        req = requests.Request("GET", httpbin("get"), headers=headers)

        prep = ses.prepare_request(req)

        items = list(prep.headers.items())

        assert items[0] == ("Accept-Encoding", "identity")

        assert items[1] == ("First", "1")

        assert items[2] == ("Second", "222")

        assert items[3] == ("Third", "3")

        assert items[4] == ("Fourth", "4")

        assert items[5] == ("Fifth", "5")

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("key", ("User-agent", "user-agent"))

    def test_user_agent_transfers(self, httpbin, key):

        heads = {key: "Mozilla/5.0 (github.com/psf/requests)"}

        r = requests.get(httpbin("user-agent"), headers=heads)

        assert heads[key] in r.text

    def test_HTTP_200_OK_HEAD(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.head(httpbin("get"))

        assert r.status_code == 200

    def test_HTTP_200_OK_PUT(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.put(httpbin("put"))

        assert r.status_code == 200

    def test_BASICAUTH_TUPLE_HTTP_200_OK_GET(self, httpbin):

        auth = ("user", "pass")

        url = httpbin("basic-auth", "user", "pass")

        r = requests.get(url, auth=auth)

        assert r.status_code == 200

        r = requests.get(url)

        assert r.status_code == 401

        s = requests.session()

        s.auth = auth

        r = s.get(url)

        assert r.status_code == 200

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "username, password",

        (

            ("user", "pass"),

            ("имя".encode(), "пароль".encode()),

            (42, 42),

            (None, None),

        ),

    )

    def test_set_basicauth(self, httpbin, username, password):

        auth = (username, password)

        url = httpbin("get")

        r = requests.Request("GET", url, auth=auth)

        p = r.prepare()

        assert p.headers["Authorization"] == _basic_auth_str(username, password)

    def test_basicauth_encodes_byte_strings(self):

        """Ensure b'test' formats as the byte string "test" rather

        than the unicode string "b'test'" in Python 3.

        """

        auth = (b"\xc5\xafsername", b"test\xc6\xb6")

        r = requests.Request("GET", "http://localhost", auth=auth)

        p = r.prepare()

        assert p.headers["Authorization"] == "Basic xa9zZXJuYW1lOnRlc3TGtg=="

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "url, exception",

        (

            # Connecting to an unknown domain should raise a ConnectionError

            ("http://doesnotexist.google.com", ConnectionError),

            # Connecting to an invalid port should raise a ConnectionError

            ("http://localhost:1", ConnectionError),

            # Inputting a URL that cannot be parsed should raise an InvalidURL error

            ("http://fe80::5054:ff:fe5a:fc0", InvalidURL),

        ),

    )

    def test_errors(self, url, exception):

        with pytest.raises(exception):

            requests.get(url, timeout=1)

    def test_proxy_error(self):

        # any proxy related error (address resolution, no route to host, etc) should result in a ProxyError

        with pytest.raises(ProxyError):

            requests.get(

                "http://localhost:1", proxies={"http": "non-resolvable-address"}

            )

    def test_proxy_error_on_bad_url(self, httpbin, httpbin_secure):

        with pytest.raises(InvalidProxyURL):

            requests.get(httpbin_secure(), proxies={"https": "http:/badproxyurl:3128"})

        with pytest.raises(InvalidProxyURL):

            requests.get(httpbin(), proxies={"http": "http://:8080"})

        with pytest.raises(InvalidProxyURL):

            requests.get(httpbin_secure(), proxies={"https": "https://"})

        with pytest.raises(InvalidProxyURL):

            requests.get(httpbin(), proxies={"http": "http:///example.com:8080"})

    def test_respect_proxy_env_on_send_self_prepared_request(self, httpbin):

        with override_environ(http_proxy=INVALID_PROXY):

            with pytest.raises(ProxyError):

                session = requests.Session()

                request = requests.Request("GET", httpbin())

                session.send(request.prepare())

    def test_respect_proxy_env_on_send_session_prepared_request(self, httpbin):

        with override_environ(http_proxy=INVALID_PROXY):

            with pytest.raises(ProxyError):

                session = requests.Session()

                request = requests.Request("GET", httpbin())

                prepared = session.prepare_request(request)

                session.send(prepared)

    def test_respect_proxy_env_on_send_with_redirects(self, httpbin):

        with override_environ(http_proxy=INVALID_PROXY):

            with pytest.raises(ProxyError):

                session = requests.Session()

                url = httpbin("redirect/1")

                print(url)

                request = requests.Request("GET", url)

                session.send(request.prepare())

    def test_respect_proxy_env_on_get(self, httpbin):

        with override_environ(http_proxy=INVALID_PROXY):

            with pytest.raises(ProxyError):

                session = requests.Session()

                session.get(httpbin())

    def test_respect_proxy_env_on_request(self, httpbin):

        with override_environ(http_proxy=INVALID_PROXY):

            with pytest.raises(ProxyError):

                session = requests.Session()

                session.request(method="GET", url=httpbin())

    def test_proxy_authorization_preserved_on_request(self, httpbin):

        proxy_auth_value = "Bearer XXX"

        session = requests.Session()

        session.headers.update({"Proxy-Authorization": proxy_auth_value})

        resp = session.request(method="GET", url=httpbin("get"))

        sent_headers = resp.json().get("headers", {})

        assert sent_headers.get("Proxy-Authorization") == proxy_auth_value

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "url,has_proxy_auth",

        (

            ("http://example.com", True),

            ("https://example.com", False),

        ),

    )

    def test_proxy_authorization_not_appended_to_https_request(

        self, url, has_proxy_auth

    ):

        session = requests.Session()

        proxies = {

            "http": "http://test:pass@localhost:8080",

            "https": "http://test:pass@localhost:8090",

        }

        req = requests.Request("GET", url)

        prep = req.prepare()

        session.rebuild_proxies(prep, proxies)

        assert ("Proxy-Authorization" in prep.headers) is has_proxy_auth

    def test_basicauth_with_netrc(self, httpbin):

        auth = ("user", "pass")

        wrong_auth = ("wronguser", "wrongpass")

        url = httpbin("basic-auth", "user", "pass")

        old_auth = requests.sessions.get_netrc_auth

        try:

            def get_netrc_auth_mock(url):

                return auth

            requests.sessions.get_netrc_auth = get_netrc_auth_mock

            # Should use netrc and work.

            r = requests.get(url)

            assert r.status_code == 200

            # Given auth should override and fail.

            r = requests.get(url, auth=wrong_auth)

            assert r.status_code == 401

            s = requests.session()

            # Should use netrc and work.

            r = s.get(url)

            assert r.status_code == 200

            # Given auth should override and fail.

            s.auth = wrong_auth

            r = s.get(url)

            assert r.status_code == 401

        finally:

            requests.sessions.get_netrc_auth = old_auth

    def test_basicauth_with_netrc_leak(self, httpbin):

        url1 = httpbin("basic-auth", "user", "pass")

        url = url1[len("http://") :]

        domain = url.split(":")[0]

        url = f"http://example.com:@{url}"

        netrc_file = ""

        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", delete=False) as fp:

            fp.write("machine example.com\n")

            fp.write("login wronguser\n")

            fp.write("password wrongpass\n")

            fp.write(f"machine {domain}\n")

            fp.write("login user\n")

            fp.write("password pass\n")

            fp.close()

            netrc_file = fp.name

        old_netrc = os.environ.get("NETRC", "")

        os.environ["NETRC"] = netrc_file

        try:

            # Should use netrc

            # Make sure that we don't use the example.com credentials

            # for the request

            r = requests.get(url)

            assert r.status_code == 200

        finally:

            os.environ["NETRC"] = old_netrc

            os.unlink(netrc_file)

    def test_DIGEST_HTTP_200_OK_GET(self, httpbin):

        for authtype in self.digest_auth_algo:

            auth = HTTPDigestAuth("user", "pass")

            url = httpbin("digest-auth", "auth", "user", "pass", authtype, "never")

            r = requests.get(url, auth=auth)

            assert r.status_code == 200

            r = requests.get(url)

            assert r.status_code == 401

            print(r.headers["WWW-Authenticate"])

            s = requests.session()

            s.auth = HTTPDigestAuth("user", "pass")

            r = s.get(url)

            assert r.status_code == 200

    def test_DIGEST_AUTH_RETURNS_COOKIE(self, httpbin):

        for authtype in self.digest_auth_algo:

            url = httpbin("digest-auth", "auth", "user", "pass", authtype)

            auth = HTTPDigestAuth("user", "pass")

            r = requests.get(url)

            assert r.cookies["fake"] == "fake_value"

            r = requests.get(url, auth=auth)

            assert r.status_code == 200

    def test_DIGEST_AUTH_SETS_SESSION_COOKIES(self, httpbin):

        for authtype in self.digest_auth_algo:

            url = httpbin("digest-auth", "auth", "user", "pass", authtype)

            auth = HTTPDigestAuth("user", "pass")

            s = requests.Session()

            s.get(url, auth=auth)

            assert s.cookies["fake"] == "fake_value"

    def test_DIGEST_STREAM(self, httpbin):

        for authtype in self.digest_auth_algo:

            auth = HTTPDigestAuth("user", "pass")

            url = httpbin("digest-auth", "auth", "user", "pass", authtype)

            r = requests.get(url, auth=auth, stream=True)

            assert r.raw.read() != b""

            r = requests.get(url, auth=auth, stream=False)

            assert r.raw.read() == b""

    def test_DIGESTAUTH_WRONG_HTTP_401_GET(self, httpbin):

        for authtype in self.digest_auth_algo:

            auth = HTTPDigestAuth("user", "wrongpass")

            url = httpbin("digest-auth", "auth", "user", "pass", authtype)

            r = requests.get(url, auth=auth)

            assert r.status_code == 401

            r = requests.get(url)

            assert r.status_code == 401

            s = requests.session()

            s.auth = auth

            r = s.get(url)

            assert r.status_code == 401

    def test_DIGESTAUTH_QUOTES_QOP_VALUE(self, httpbin):

        for authtype in self.digest_auth_algo:

            auth = HTTPDigestAuth("user", "pass")

            url = httpbin("digest-auth", "auth", "user", "pass", authtype)

            r = requests.get(url, auth=auth)

            assert '"auth"' in r.request.headers["Authorization"]

    def test_POSTBIN_GET_POST_FILES(self, httpbin):

        url = httpbin("post")

        requests.post(url).raise_for_status()

        post1 = requests.post(url, data={"some": "data"})

        assert post1.status_code == 200

        with open("requirements-dev.txt") as f:

            post2 = requests.post(url, files={"some": f})

        assert post2.status_code == 200

        post4 = requests.post(url, data='[{"some": "json"}]')

        assert post4.status_code == 200

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):

            requests.post(url, files=["bad file data"])

    def test_invalid_files_input(self, httpbin):

        url = httpbin("post")

        post = requests.post(url, files={"random-file-1": None, "random-file-2": 1})

        assert b'name="random-file-1"' not in post.request.body

        assert b'name="random-file-2"' in post.request.body

    def test_POSTBIN_SEEKED_OBJECT_WITH_NO_ITER(self, httpbin):

        class TestStream:

            def __init__(self, data):

                self.data = data.encode()

                self.length = len(self.data)

                self.index = 0

            def __len__(self):

                return self.length

            def read(self, size=None):

                if size:

                    ret = self.data[self.index : self.index + size]

                    self.index += size

                else:

                    ret = self.data[self.index :]

                    self.index = self.length

                return ret

            def tell(self):

                return self.index

            def seek(self, offset, where=0):

                if where == 0:

                    self.index = offset

                elif where == 1:

                    self.index += offset

                elif where == 2:

                    self.index = self.length + offset

        test = TestStream("test")

        post1 = requests.post(httpbin("post"), data=test)

        assert post1.status_code == 200

        assert post1.json()["data"] == "test"

        test = TestStream("test")

        test.seek(2)

        post2 = requests.post(httpbin("post"), data=test)

        assert post2.status_code == 200

        assert post2.json()["data"] == "st"

    def test_POSTBIN_GET_POST_FILES_WITH_DATA(self, httpbin):

        url = httpbin("post")

        requests.post(url).raise_for_status()

        post1 = requests.post(url, data={"some": "data"})

        assert post1.status_code == 200

        with open("requirements-dev.txt") as f:

            post2 = requests.post(url, data={"some": "data"}, files={"some": f})

        assert post2.status_code == 200

        post4 = requests.post(url, data='[{"some": "json"}]')

        assert post4.status_code == 200

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):

            requests.post(url, files=["bad file data"])

    def test_post_with_custom_mapping(self, httpbin):

        class CustomMapping(MutableMapping):

            def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

                self.data = dict(*args, **kwargs)

            def __delitem__(self, key):

                del self.data[key]

            def __getitem__(self, key):

                return self.data[key]

            def __setitem__(self, key, value):

                self.data[key] = value

            def __iter__(self):

                return iter(self.data)

            def __len__(self):

                return len(self.data)

        data = CustomMapping({"some": "data"})

        url = httpbin("post")

        found_json = requests.post(url, data=data).json().get("form")

        assert found_json == {"some": "data"}

    def test_conflicting_post_params(self, httpbin):

        url = httpbin("post")

        with open("requirements-dev.txt") as f:

            with pytest.raises(ValueError):

                requests.post(url, data='[{"some": "data"}]', files={"some": f})

    def test_request_ok_set(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.get(httpbin("status", "404"))

        assert not r.ok

    def test_status_raising(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.get(httpbin("status", "404"))

        with pytest.raises(requests.exceptions.HTTPError):

            r.raise_for_status()

        r = requests.get(httpbin("status", "500"))

        assert not r.ok

    def test_decompress_gzip(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.get(httpbin("gzip"))

        r.content.decode("ascii")

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "url, params",

        (

            ("/get", {"foo": "føø"}),

            ("/get", {"føø": "føø"}),

            ("/get", {"føø": "føø"}),

            ("/get", {"foo": "foo"}),

            ("ø", {"foo": "foo"}),

        ),

    )

    def test_unicode_get(self, httpbin, url, params):

        requests.get(httpbin(url), params=params)

    def test_unicode_header_name(self, httpbin):

        requests.put(

            httpbin("put"),

            headers={"Content-Type": "application/octet-stream"},

            data="\xff",

        )  # compat.str is unicode.

    def test_pyopenssl_redirect(self, httpbin_secure, httpbin_ca_bundle):

        requests.get(httpbin_secure("status", "301"), verify=httpbin_ca_bundle)

    def test_invalid_ca_certificate_path(self, httpbin_secure):

        INVALID_PATH = "/garbage"

        with pytest.raises(IOError) as e:

            requests.get(httpbin_secure(), verify=INVALID_PATH)

        assert (

            str(e.value)

            == f"Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: {INVALID_PATH}"

        )

    def test_invalid_ssl_certificate_files(self, httpbin_secure):

        INVALID_PATH = "/garbage"

        with pytest.raises(IOError) as e:

            requests.get(httpbin_secure(), cert=INVALID_PATH)

        assert (

            str(e.value)

            == f"Could not find the TLS certificate file, invalid path: {INVALID_PATH}"

        )

        with pytest.raises(IOError) as e:

            requests.get(httpbin_secure(), cert=(".", INVALID_PATH))

        assert str(e.value) == (

            f"Could not find the TLS key file, invalid path: {INVALID_PATH}"

        )

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "env, expected",

        (

            ({}, True),

            ({"REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE": "/some/path"}, "/some/path"),

            ({"REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE": ""}, True),

            ({"CURL_CA_BUNDLE": "/some/path"}, "/some/path"),

            ({"CURL_CA_BUNDLE": ""}, True),

            ({"REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE": "", "CURL_CA_BUNDLE": ""}, True),

            (

                {

                    "REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE": "/some/path",

                    "CURL_CA_BUNDLE": "/curl/path",

                },

                "/some/path",

            ),

            (

                {

                    "REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE": "",

                    "CURL_CA_BUNDLE": "/curl/path",

                },

                "/curl/path",

            ),

        ),

    )

    def test_env_cert_bundles(self, httpbin, env, expected):

        s = requests.Session()

        with mock.patch("os.environ", env):

            settings = s.merge_environment_settings(

                url=httpbin("get"), proxies={}, stream=False, verify=True, cert=None

            )

        assert settings["verify"] == expected

    def test_http_with_certificate(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.get(httpbin(), cert=".")

        assert r.status_code == 200

    @pytest.mark.skipif(

        SNIMissingWarning is None,

        reason="urllib3 2.0 removed that warning and errors out instead",

    )

    def test_https_warnings(self, nosan_server):

        """warnings are emitted with requests.get"""

        host, port, ca_bundle = nosan_server

        if HAS_MODERN_SSL or HAS_PYOPENSSL:

            warnings_expected = ("SubjectAltNameWarning",)

        else:

            warnings_expected = (

                "SNIMissingWarning",

                "InsecurePlatformWarning",

                "SubjectAltNameWarning",

            )

        with pytest.warns() as warning_records:

            warnings.simplefilter("always")

            requests.get(f"https://localhost:{port}/", verify=ca_bundle)

        warning_records = [

            item

            for item in warning_records

            if item.category.__name__ != "ResourceWarning"

        ]

        warnings_category = tuple(item.category.__name__ for item in warning_records)

        assert warnings_category == warnings_expected

    def test_certificate_failure(self, httpbin_secure):

        """

        When underlying SSL problems occur, an SSLError is raised.

        """

        with pytest.raises(RequestsSSLError):

            # Our local httpbin does not have a trusted CA, so this call will

            # fail if we use our default trust bundle.

            requests.get(httpbin_secure("status", "200"))

    def test_urlencoded_get_query_multivalued_param(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.get(httpbin("get"), params={"test": ["foo", "baz"]})

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert r.url == httpbin("get?test=foo&test=baz")

    def test_form_encoded_post_query_multivalued_element(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.Request(

            method="POST", url=httpbin("post"), data=dict(test=["foo", "baz"])

        )

        prep = r.prepare()

        assert prep.body == "test=foo&test=baz"

    def test_different_encodings_dont_break_post(self, httpbin):

        with open(__file__, "rb") as f:

            r = requests.post(

                httpbin("post"),

                data={"stuff": json.dumps({"a": 123})},

                params={"blah": "asdf1234"},

                files={"file": ("test_requests.py", f)},

            )

        assert r.status_code == 200

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "data",

        (

            {"stuff": "ëlïxr"},

            {"stuff": "ëlïxr".encode()},

            {"stuff": "elixr"},

            {"stuff": b"elixr"},

        ),

    )

    def test_unicode_multipart_post(self, httpbin, data):

        with open(__file__, "rb") as f:

            r = requests.post(

                httpbin("post"),

                data=data,

                files={"file": ("test_requests.py", f)},

            )

        assert r.status_code == 200

    def test_unicode_multipart_post_fieldnames(self, httpbin):

        filename = os.path.splitext(__file__)[0] + ".py"

        with open(filename, "rb") as f:

            r = requests.Request(

                method="POST",

                url=httpbin("post"),

                data={b"stuff": "elixr"},

                files={"file": ("test_requests.py", f)},

            )

            prep = r.prepare()

        assert b'name="stuff"' in prep.body

        assert b"name=\"b'stuff'\"" not in prep.body

    def test_unicode_method_name(self, httpbin):

        with open(__file__, "rb") as f:

            files = {"file": f}

            r = requests.request(

                method="POST",

                url=httpbin("post"),

                files=files,

            )

        assert r.status_code == 200

    def test_unicode_method_name_with_request_object(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.Session()

        with open(__file__, "rb") as f:

            files = {"file": f}

            req = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), files=files)

            prep = s.prepare_request(req)

        assert isinstance(prep.method, builtin_str)

        assert prep.method == "POST"

        resp = s.send(prep)

        assert resp.status_code == 200

    def test_non_prepared_request_error(self):

        s = requests.Session()

        req = requests.Request("POST", "/")

        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:

            s.send(req)

        assert str(e.value) == "You can only send PreparedRequests."

    def test_custom_content_type(self, httpbin):

        with open(__file__, "rb") as f1:

            with open(__file__, "rb") as f2:

                data = {"stuff": json.dumps({"a": 123})}

                files = {

                    "file1": ("test_requests.py", f1),

                    "file2": ("test_requests", f2, "text/py-content-type"),

                }

                r = requests.post(httpbin("post"), data=data, files=files)

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert b"text/py-content-type" in r.request.body

    def test_hook_receives_request_arguments(self, httpbin):

        def hook(resp, **kwargs):

            assert resp is not None

            assert kwargs != {}

        s = requests.Session()

        r = requests.Request("GET", httpbin(), hooks={"response": hook})

        prep = s.prepare_request(r)

        s.send(prep)

    def test_session_hooks_are_used_with_no_request_hooks(self, httpbin):

        def hook(*args, **kwargs):

            pass

        s = requests.Session()

        s.hooks["response"].append(hook)

        r = requests.Request("GET", httpbin())

        prep = s.prepare_request(r)

        assert prep.hooks["response"] != []

        assert prep.hooks["response"] == [hook]

    def test_session_hooks_are_overridden_by_request_hooks(self, httpbin):

        def hook1(*args, **kwargs):

            pass

        def hook2(*args, **kwargs):

            pass

        assert hook1 is not hook2

        s = requests.Session()

        s.hooks["response"].append(hook2)

        r = requests.Request("GET", httpbin(), hooks={"response": [hook1]})

        prep = s.prepare_request(r)

        assert prep.hooks["response"] == [hook1]

    def test_prepared_request_hook(self, httpbin):

        def hook(resp, **kwargs):

            resp.hook_working = True

            return resp

        req = requests.Request("GET", httpbin(), hooks={"response": hook})

        prep = req.prepare()

        s = requests.Session()

        s.proxies = getproxies()

        resp = s.send(prep)

        assert hasattr(resp, "hook_working")

    def test_prepared_from_session(self, httpbin):

        class DummyAuth(requests.auth.AuthBase):

            def __call__(self, r):

                r.headers["Dummy-Auth-Test"] = "dummy-auth-test-ok"

                return r

        req = requests.Request("GET", httpbin("headers"))

        assert not req.auth

        s = requests.Session()

        s.auth = DummyAuth()

        prep = s.prepare_request(req)

        resp = s.send(prep)

        assert resp.json()["headers"]["Dummy-Auth-Test"] == "dummy-auth-test-ok"

    def test_prepare_request_with_bytestring_url(self):

        req = requests.Request("GET", b"https://httpbin.org/")

        s = requests.Session()

        prep = s.prepare_request(req)

        assert prep.url == "https://httpbin.org/"

    def test_request_with_bytestring_host(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.Session()

        resp = s.request(

            "GET",

            httpbin("cookies/set?cookie=value"),

            allow_redirects=False,

            headers={"Host": b"httpbin.org"},

        )

        assert resp.cookies.get("cookie") == "value"

    def test_links(self):

        r = requests.Response()

        r.headers = {

            "cache-control": "public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60",

            "connection": "keep-alive",

            "content-encoding": "gzip",

            "content-type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",

            "date": "Sat, 26 Jan 2013 16:47:56 GMT",

            "etag": '"6ff6a73c0e446c1f61614769e3ceb778"',

            "last-modified": "Sat, 26 Jan 2013 16:22:39 GMT",

            "link": (

                "<https://api.github.com/users/kennethreitz/repos?"

                'page=2&per_page=10>; rel="next", <https://api.github.'

                "com/users/kennethreitz/repos?page=7&per_page=10>; "

                ' rel="last"'

            ),

            "server": "GitHub.com",

            "status": "200 OK",

            "vary": "Accept",

            "x-content-type-options": "nosniff",

            "x-github-media-type": "github.beta",

            "x-ratelimit-limit": "60",

            "x-ratelimit-remaining": "57",

        }

        assert r.links["next"]["rel"] == "next"

    def test_cookie_parameters(self):

        key = "some_cookie"

        value = "some_value"

        secure = True

        domain = "test.com"

        rest = {"HttpOnly": True}

        jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()

        jar.set(key, value, secure=secure, domain=domain, rest=rest)

        assert len(jar) == 1

        assert "some_cookie" in jar

        cookie = list(jar)[0]

        assert cookie.secure == secure

        assert cookie.domain == domain

        assert cookie._rest["HttpOnly"] == rest["HttpOnly"]

    def test_cookie_as_dict_keeps_len(self):

        key = "some_cookie"

        value = "some_value"

        key1 = "some_cookie1"

        value1 = "some_value1"

        jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()

        jar.set(key, value)

        jar.set(key1, value1)

        d1 = dict(jar)

        d2 = dict(jar.iteritems())

        d3 = dict(jar.items())

        assert len(jar) == 2

        assert len(d1) == 2

        assert len(d2) == 2

        assert len(d3) == 2

    def test_cookie_as_dict_keeps_items(self):

        key = "some_cookie"

        value = "some_value"

        key1 = "some_cookie1"

        value1 = "some_value1"

        jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()

        jar.set(key, value)

        jar.set(key1, value1)

        d1 = dict(jar)

        d2 = dict(jar.iteritems())

        d3 = dict(jar.items())

        assert d1["some_cookie"] == "some_value"

        assert d2["some_cookie"] == "some_value"

        assert d3["some_cookie1"] == "some_value1"

    def test_cookie_as_dict_keys(self):

        key = "some_cookie"

        value = "some_value"

        key1 = "some_cookie1"

        value1 = "some_value1"

        jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()

        jar.set(key, value)

        jar.set(key1, value1)

        keys = jar.keys()

        assert keys == list(keys)

        # make sure one can use keys multiple times

        assert list(keys) == list(keys)

    def test_cookie_as_dict_values(self):

        key = "some_cookie"

        value = "some_value"

        key1 = "some_cookie1"

        value1 = "some_value1"

        jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()

        jar.set(key, value)

        jar.set(key1, value1)

        values = jar.values()

        assert values == list(values)

        # make sure one can use values multiple times

        assert list(values) == list(values)

    def test_cookie_as_dict_items(self):

        key = "some_cookie"

        value = "some_value"

        key1 = "some_cookie1"

        value1 = "some_value1"

        jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()

        jar.set(key, value)

        jar.set(key1, value1)

        items = jar.items()

        assert items == list(items)

        # make sure one can use items multiple times

        assert list(items) == list(items)

        key = "some_cookie"

        value = "some_value"

        domain1 = "test1.com"

        domain2 = "test2.com"

        jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()

        jar.set(key, value, domain=domain1)

        jar.set(key, value, domain=domain2)

        assert key in jar

        items = jar.items()

        assert len(items) == 2

        # Verify that CookieConflictError is raised if domain is not specified

        with pytest.raises(requests.cookies.CookieConflictError):

            jar.get(key)

        # Verify that CookieConflictError is not raised if domain is specified

        cookie = jar.get(key, domain=domain1)

        assert cookie == value

    def test_cookie_duplicate_names_raises_cookie_conflict_error(self):

        key = "some_cookie"

        value = "some_value"

        path = "some_path"

        jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()

        jar.set(key, value, path=path)

        jar.set(key, value)

        with pytest.raises(requests.cookies.CookieConflictError):

            jar.get(key)

    def test_cookie_policy_copy(self):

        class MyCookiePolicy(cookielib.DefaultCookiePolicy):

            pass

        jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()

        jar.set_policy(MyCookiePolicy())

        assert isinstance(jar.copy().get_policy(), MyCookiePolicy)

    def test_time_elapsed_blank(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.get(httpbin("get"))

        td = r.elapsed

        total_seconds = (

            td.microseconds + (td.seconds + td.days * 24 * 3600) * 10**6

        ) / 10**6

        assert total_seconds > 0.0

    def test_empty_response_has_content_none(self):

        r = requests.Response()

        assert r.content is None

    def test_response_is_iterable(self):

        r = requests.Response()

        io = StringIO.StringIO("abc")

        read_ = io.read

        def read_mock(amt, decode_content=None):

            return read_(amt)

        setattr(io, "read", read_mock)

        r.raw = io

        assert next(iter(r))

        io.close()

    def test_response_decode_unicode(self):

        """When called with decode_unicode, Response.iter_content should always

        return unicode.

        """

        r = requests.Response()

        r._content_consumed = True

        r._content = b"the content"

        r.encoding = "ascii"

        chunks = r.iter_content(decode_unicode=True)

        assert all(isinstance(chunk, str) for chunk in chunks)

        # also for streaming

        r = requests.Response()

        r.raw = io.BytesIO(b"the content")

        r.encoding = "ascii"

        chunks = r.iter_content(decode_unicode=True)

        assert all(isinstance(chunk, str) for chunk in chunks)

    def test_response_reason_unicode(self):

        # check for unicode HTTP status

        r = requests.Response()

        r.url = "unicode URL"

        r.reason = "Komponenttia ei löydy".encode()

        r.status_code = 404

        r.encoding = None

        assert not r.ok  # old behaviour - crashes here

    def test_response_reason_unicode_fallback(self):

        # check raise_status falls back to ISO-8859-1

        r = requests.Response()

        r.url = "some url"

        reason = "Komponenttia ei löydy"

        r.reason = reason.encode("latin-1")

        r.status_code = 500

        r.encoding = None

        with pytest.raises(requests.exceptions.HTTPError) as e:

            r.raise_for_status()

        assert reason in e.value.args[0]

    def test_response_chunk_size_type(self):

        """Ensure that chunk_size is passed as None or an integer, otherwise

        raise a TypeError.

        """

        r = requests.Response()

        r.raw = io.BytesIO(b"the content")

        chunks = r.iter_content(1)

        assert all(len(chunk) == 1 for chunk in chunks)

        r = requests.Response()

        r.raw = io.BytesIO(b"the content")

        chunks = r.iter_content(None)

        assert list(chunks) == [b"the content"]

        r = requests.Response()

        r.raw = io.BytesIO(b"the content")

        with pytest.raises(TypeError):

            chunks = r.iter_content("1024")

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "exception, args, expected",

        (

            (urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError, tuple(), ChunkedEncodingError),

            (urllib3.exceptions.DecodeError, tuple(), ContentDecodingError),

            (urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError, (None, "", ""), ConnectionError),

            (urllib3.exceptions.SSLError, tuple(), RequestsSSLError),

        ),

    )

    def test_iter_content_wraps_exceptions(self, httpbin, exception, args, expected):

        r = requests.Response()

        r.raw = mock.Mock()

        # ReadTimeoutError can't be initialized by mock

        # so we'll manually create the instance with args

        r.raw.stream.side_effect = exception(*args)

        with pytest.raises(expected):

            next(r.iter_content(1024))

    def test_request_and_response_are_pickleable(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.get(httpbin("get"))

        # verify we can pickle the original request

        assert pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(r.request))

        # verify we can pickle the response and that we have access to

        # the original request.

        pr = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(r))

        assert r.request.url == pr.request.url

        assert r.request.headers == pr.request.headers

    def test_prepared_request_is_pickleable(self, httpbin):

        p = requests.Request("GET", httpbin("get")).prepare()

        # Verify PreparedRequest can be pickled and unpickled

        r = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(p))

        assert r.url == p.url

        assert r.headers == p.headers

        assert r.body == p.body

        # Verify unpickled PreparedRequest sends properly

        s = requests.Session()

        resp = s.send(r)

        assert resp.status_code == 200

    def test_prepared_request_with_file_is_pickleable(self, httpbin):

        with open(__file__, "rb") as f:

            r = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), files={"file": f})

            p = r.prepare()

        # Verify PreparedRequest can be pickled and unpickled

        r = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(p))

        assert r.url == p.url

        assert r.headers == p.headers

        assert r.body == p.body

        # Verify unpickled PreparedRequest sends properly

        s = requests.Session()

        resp = s.send(r)

        assert resp.status_code == 200

    def test_prepared_request_with_hook_is_pickleable(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.Request("GET", httpbin("get"), hooks=default_hooks())

        p = r.prepare()

        # Verify PreparedRequest can be pickled

        r = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(p))

        assert r.url == p.url

        assert r.headers == p.headers

        assert r.body == p.body

        assert r.hooks == p.hooks

        # Verify unpickled PreparedRequest sends properly

        s = requests.Session()

        resp = s.send(r)

        assert resp.status_code == 200

    def test_cannot_send_unprepared_requests(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.Request(url=httpbin())

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):

            requests.Session().send(r)

    def test_http_error(self):

        error = requests.exceptions.HTTPError()

        assert not error.response

        response = requests.Response()

        error = requests.exceptions.HTTPError(response=response)

        assert error.response == response

        error = requests.exceptions.HTTPError("message", response=response)

        assert str(error) == "message"

        assert error.response == response

    def test_session_pickling(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.Request("GET", httpbin("get"))

        s = requests.Session()

        s = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(s))

        s.proxies = getproxies()

        r = s.send(r.prepare())

        assert r.status_code == 200

    def test_fixes_1329(self, httpbin):

        """Ensure that header updates are done case-insensitively."""

        s = requests.Session()

        s.headers.update({"ACCEPT": "BOGUS"})

        s.headers.update({"accept": "application/json"})

        r = s.get(httpbin("get"))

        headers = r.request.headers

        assert headers["accept"] == "application/json"

        assert headers["Accept"] == "application/json"

        assert headers["ACCEPT"] == "application/json"

    def test_uppercase_scheme_redirect(self, httpbin):

        parts = urlparse(httpbin("html"))

        url = "HTTP://" + parts.netloc + parts.path

        r = requests.get(httpbin("redirect-to"), params={"url": url})

        assert r.status_code == 200

        assert r.url.lower() == url.lower()

    def test_transport_adapter_ordering(self):

        s = requests.Session()

        order = ["https://", "http://"]

        assert order == list(s.adapters)

        s.mount("http://git", HTTPAdapter())

        s.mount("http://github", HTTPAdapter())

        s.mount("http://github.com", HTTPAdapter())

        s.mount("http://github.com/about/", HTTPAdapter())

        order = [

            "http://github.com/about/",

            "http://github.com",

            "http://github",

            "http://git",

            "https://",

            "http://",

        ]

        assert order == list(s.adapters)

        s.mount("http://gittip", HTTPAdapter())

        s.mount("http://gittip.com", HTTPAdapter())

        s.mount("http://gittip.com/about/", HTTPAdapter())

        order = [

            "http://github.com/about/",

            "http://gittip.com/about/",

            "http://github.com",

            "http://gittip.com",

            "http://github",

            "http://gittip",

            "http://git",

            "https://",

            "http://",

        ]

        assert order == list(s.adapters)

        s2 = requests.Session()

        s2.adapters = {"http://": HTTPAdapter()}

        s2.mount("https://", HTTPAdapter())

        assert "http://" in s2.adapters

        assert "https://" in s2.adapters

    def test_session_get_adapter_prefix_matching(self):

        prefix = "https://example.com"

        more_specific_prefix = prefix + "/some/path"

        url_matching_only_prefix = prefix + "/another/path"

        url_matching_more_specific_prefix = more_specific_prefix + "/longer/path"

        url_not_matching_prefix = "https://another.example.com/"

        s = requests.Session()

        prefix_adapter = HTTPAdapter()

        more_specific_prefix_adapter = HTTPAdapter()

        s.mount(prefix, prefix_adapter)

        s.mount(more_specific_prefix, more_specific_prefix_adapter)

        assert s.get_adapter(url_matching_only_prefix) is prefix_adapter

        assert (

            s.get_adapter(url_matching_more_specific_prefix)

            is more_specific_prefix_adapter

        )

        assert s.get_adapter(url_not_matching_prefix) not in (

            prefix_adapter,

            more_specific_prefix_adapter,

        )

    def test_session_get_adapter_prefix_matching_mixed_case(self):

        mixed_case_prefix = "hTtPs://eXamPle.CoM/MixEd_CAse_PREfix"

        url_matching_prefix = mixed_case_prefix + "/full_url"

        s = requests.Session()

        my_adapter = HTTPAdapter()

        s.mount(mixed_case_prefix, my_adapter)

        assert s.get_adapter(url_matching_prefix) is my_adapter

    def test_session_get_adapter_prefix_matching_is_case_insensitive(self):

        mixed_case_prefix = "hTtPs://eXamPle.CoM/MixEd_CAse_PREfix"

        url_matching_prefix_with_different_case = (

            "HtTpS://exaMPLe.cOm/MiXeD_caSE_preFIX/another_url"

        )

        s = requests.Session()

        my_adapter = HTTPAdapter()

        s.mount(mixed_case_prefix, my_adapter)

        assert s.get_adapter(url_matching_prefix_with_different_case) is my_adapter

    def test_session_get_adapter_prefix_with_trailing_slash(self):

        # from issue #6935

        prefix = "https://example.com/"  # trailing slash

        url_matching_prefix = "https://example.com/some/path"

        url_not_matching_prefix = "https://example.com.other.com/some/path"

        s = requests.Session()

        adapter = HTTPAdapter()

        s.mount(prefix, adapter)

        assert s.get_adapter(url_matching_prefix) is adapter

        assert s.get_adapter(url_not_matching_prefix) is not adapter

    def test_session_get_adapter_prefix_without_trailing_slash(self):

        # from issue #6935

        prefix = "https://example.com"  # no trailing slash

        url_matching_prefix = "https://example.com/some/path"

        url_extended_hostname = "https://example.com.other.com/some/path"

        s = requests.Session()

        adapter = HTTPAdapter()

        s.mount(prefix, adapter)

        assert s.get_adapter(url_matching_prefix) is adapter

        assert s.get_adapter(url_extended_hostname) is adapter

    def test_header_remove_is_case_insensitive(self, httpbin):

        # From issue #1321

        s = requests.Session()

        s.headers["foo"] = "bar"

        r = s.get(httpbin("get"), headers={"FOO": None})

        assert "foo" not in r.request.headers

    def test_params_are_merged_case_sensitive(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.Session()

        s.params["foo"] = "bar"

        r = s.get(httpbin("get"), params={"FOO": "bar"})

        assert r.json()["args"] == {"foo": "bar", "FOO": "bar"}

    def test_long_authinfo_in_url(self):

        url = "http://{}:{}@{}:9000/path?query#frag".format(

            "E8A3BE87-9E3F-4620-8858-95478E385B5B",

            "EA770032-DA4D-4D84-8CE9-29C6D910BF1E",

            "exactly-------------sixty-----------three------------characters",

        )

        r = requests.Request("GET", url).prepare()

        assert r.url == url

    def test_header_keys_are_native(self, httpbin):

        headers = {"unicode": "blah", b"byte": "blah"}

        r = requests.Request("GET", httpbin("get"), headers=headers)

        p = r.prepare()

        # This is testing that they are builtin strings. A bit weird, but there

        # we go.

        assert "unicode" in p.headers.keys()

        assert "byte" in p.headers.keys()

    def test_header_validation(self, httpbin):

        """Ensure prepare_headers regex isn't flagging valid header contents."""

        valid_headers = {

            "foo": "bar baz qux",

            "bar": b"fbbq",

            "baz": "",

            "qux": "1",

        }

        r = requests.get(httpbin("get"), headers=valid_headers)

        for key in valid_headers.keys():

            assert valid_headers[key] == r.request.headers[key]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "invalid_header, key",

        (

            ({"foo": 3}, "foo"),

            ({"bar": {"foo": "bar"}}, "bar"),

            ({"baz": ["foo", "bar"]}, "baz"),

        ),

    )

    def test_header_value_not_str(self, httpbin, invalid_header, key):

        """Ensure the header value is of type string or bytes as

        per discussion in GH issue #3386

        """

        with pytest.raises(InvalidHeader) as excinfo:

            requests.get(httpbin("get"), headers=invalid_header)

        assert key in str(excinfo.value)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "invalid_header",

        (

            {"foo": "bar\r\nbaz: qux"},

            {"foo": "bar\n\rbaz: qux"},

            {"foo": "bar\nbaz: qux"},

            {"foo": "bar\rbaz: qux"},

            {"fo\ro": "bar"},

            {"fo\r\no": "bar"},

            {"fo\n\ro": "bar"},

            {"fo\no": "bar"},

            {"foo": "bar\n"},

            {"foo\n": "bar"},

            {"foo": "bar\r\n"},

            {"foo": "\n"},

            {"foo": "\r\n"},

        ),

    )

    def test_header_no_return_chars(self, httpbin, invalid_header):

        """Ensure that a header containing return character sequences raise an

        exception. Otherwise, multiple headers are created from single string.

        """

        with pytest.raises(InvalidHeader):

            requests.get(httpbin("get"), headers=invalid_header)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "invalid_header",

        (

            {" foo": "bar"},

            {"\tfoo": "bar"},

            {"    foo": "bar"},

            {"foo": " bar"},

            {"foo": "    bar"},

            {"foo": "\tbar"},

            {" ": "bar"},

        ),

    )

    def test_header_no_leading_space(self, httpbin, invalid_header):

        """Ensure headers containing leading whitespace raise

        InvalidHeader Error before sending.

        """

        with pytest.raises(InvalidHeader):

            requests.get(httpbin("get"), headers=invalid_header)

    def test_header_with_subclass_types(self, httpbin):

        """If the subclasses does not behave *exactly* like

        the base bytes/str classes, this is not supported.

        This test is for backwards compatibility.

        """

        class MyString(str):

            pass

        class MyBytes(bytes):

            pass

        r_str = requests.get(httpbin("get"), headers={MyString("x-custom"): "myheader"})

        assert r_str.request.headers["x-custom"] == "myheader"

        r_bytes = requests.get(

            httpbin("get"), headers={MyBytes(b"x-custom"): b"myheader"}

        )

        assert r_bytes.request.headers["x-custom"] == b"myheader"

        r_mixed = requests.get(

            httpbin("get"), headers={MyString("x-custom"): MyBytes(b"myheader")}

        )

        assert r_mixed.request.headers["x-custom"] == b"myheader"

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("files", ("foo", b"foo", bytearray(b"foo")))

    def test_can_send_objects_with_files(self, httpbin, files):

        data = {"a": "this is a string"}

        files = {"b": files}

        r = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), data=data, files=files)

        p = r.prepare()

        assert "multipart/form-data" in p.headers["Content-Type"]

    def test_can_send_file_object_with_non_string_filename(self, httpbin):

        f = io.BytesIO()

        f.name = 2

        r = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), files={"f": f})

        p = r.prepare()

        assert "multipart/form-data" in p.headers["Content-Type"]

    def test_autoset_header_values_are_native(self, httpbin):

        data = "this is a string"

        length = "16"

        req = requests.Request("POST", httpbin("post"), data=data)

        p = req.prepare()

        assert p.headers["Content-Length"] == length

    def test_nonhttp_schemes_dont_check_URLs(self):

        test_urls = (

            "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAHAAACH5BAUAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==",

            "file:///etc/passwd",

            "magnet:?xt=urn:btih:be08f00302bc2d1d3cfa3af02024fa647a271431",

        )

        for test_url in test_urls:

            req = requests.Request("GET", test_url)

            preq = req.prepare()

            assert test_url == preq.url

    def test_auth_is_stripped_on_http_downgrade(

        self, httpbin, httpbin_secure, httpbin_ca_bundle

    ):

        r = requests.get(

            httpbin_secure("redirect-to"),

            params={"url": httpbin("get")},

            auth=("user", "pass"),

            verify=httpbin_ca_bundle,

        )

        assert r.history[0].request.headers["Authorization"]

        assert "Authorization" not in r.request.headers

    def test_auth_is_retained_for_redirect_on_host(self, httpbin):

        r = requests.get(httpbin("redirect/1"), auth=("user", "pass"))

        h1 = r.history[0].request.headers["Authorization"]

        h2 = r.request.headers["Authorization"]

        assert h1 == h2

    def test_should_strip_auth_host_change(self):

        s = requests.Session()

        assert s.should_strip_auth(

            "http://example.com/foo", "http://another.example.com/"

        )

    def test_should_strip_auth_http_downgrade(self):

        s = requests.Session()

        assert s.should_strip_auth("https://example.com/foo", "http://example.com/bar")

    def test_should_strip_auth_https_upgrade(self):

        s = requests.Session()

        assert not s.should_strip_auth(

            "http://example.com/foo", "https://example.com/bar"

        )

        assert not s.should_strip_auth(

            "http://example.com:80/foo", "https://example.com/bar"

        )

        assert not s.should_strip_auth(

            "http://example.com/foo", "https://example.com:443/bar"

        )

        # Non-standard ports should trigger stripping

        assert s.should_strip_auth(

            "http://example.com:8080/foo", "https://example.com/bar"

        )

        assert s.should_strip_auth(

            "http://example.com/foo", "https://example.com:8443/bar"

        )

    def test_should_strip_auth_port_change(self):

        s = requests.Session()

        assert s.should_strip_auth(

            "http://example.com:1234/foo", "https://example.com:4321/bar"

        )

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(

        "old_uri, new_uri",

        (

            ("https://example.com:443/foo", "https://example.com/bar"),

            ("http://example.com:80/foo", "http://example.com/bar"),

            ("https://example.com/foo", "https://example.com:443/bar"),

            ("http://example.com/foo", "http://example.com:80/bar"),

        ),

    )

    def test_should_strip_auth_default_port(self, old_uri, new_uri):

        s = requests.Session()

        assert not s.should_strip_auth(old_uri, new_uri)

    def test_manual_redirect_with_partial_body_read(self, httpbin):

        s = requests.Session()

        r1 = s.get(httpbin("redirect/2"), allow_redirects=False, stream=True)

        assert r1.is_redirect

        rg = s.resolve_redirects(r1, r1.request, stream=True)

        # read only the first eight bytes of the response body,

        # then follow the redirect

        r1.iter_content(8)

        r2 = next(rg)

        assert r2.is_redirect

        # read all of the response via iter_content,

        # then follow the redirect

        for _ in r2.iter_content():

            pass

        r3 = next(rg)

        assert not r3.is_redirect

    def test_prepare_body_position_non_stream(self):

        data = b"the data"

        prep = requests.Request("GET", "http://example.com", data=data).prepare()

        assert prep._body_position is None

    def test_rewind_body(self):

        data = io.BytesIO(b"the data")

        prep = requests.Request("GET", "http://example.com", data=data).prepare()

        assert prep._body_position == 0

        assert prep.body.read() == b"the data"

        # the data has all been read

        assert prep.body.read() == b""

        # rewind it back

        requests.utils.rewind_body(prep)

        assert prep.body.read() == b"the data"